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// Copyright (C) 2016 The Qt Company Ltd.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR LGPL-3.0-only OR GPL-2.0-only OR GPL-3.0-only
/*!
\class QImageWriter
\brief The QImageWriter class provides a format independent interface
for writing images to files or other devices.
\inmodule QtGui
\reentrant
\ingroup painting
QImageWriter supports setting format specific options, such as
compression level and quality, prior to storing the
image. If you do not need such options, you can use QImage::save()
or QPixmap::save() instead.
To store an image, you start by constructing a QImageWriter
object. Pass either a file name or a device pointer, and the
image format to QImageWriter's constructor. You can then set
several options, such as quality (by calling setQuality()).
canWrite() returns \c true if QImageWriter can write the image
(i.e., the image format is supported and the device is open for
writing). Call write() to write the image to the device.
If any error occurs when writing the image, write() will return
false. You can then call error() to find the type of error that
occurred, or errorString() to get a human readable description of
what went wrong.
Call supportedImageFormats() for a list of formats that
QImageWriter can write. QImageWriter supports all built-in image
formats, in addition to any image format plugins that support
writing.
\note QImageWriter assumes exclusive control over the file or
device that is assigned. Any attempts to modify the assigned file
or device during the lifetime of the QImageWriter object will
yield undefined results. If immediate access to a resource is
desired, the use of a scope is the recommended method.
For example:
\snippet qimagewriter/main.cpp 0
\sa QImageReader, QImageIOHandler, QImageIOPlugin, QColorSpace
*/
/*!
\enum QImageWriter::ImageWriterError
This enum describes errors that can occur when writing images with
QImageWriter.
\value DeviceError QImageWriter encountered a device error when
writing the image data. Consult your device for more details on
what went wrong.
\value UnsupportedFormatError Qt does not support the requested
image format.
\value InvalidImageError An attempt was made to write an invalid QImage. An
example of an invalid image would be a null QImage.
\value UnknownError An unknown error occurred. If you get this
value after calling write(), it is most likely caused by a bug in
QImageWriter.
*/
// Qt-Security score:significant reason:default
#include "qimagewriter.h"
#include <qbytearray.h>
#include <qfile.h>
#include <qfileinfo.h>
#include <qimage.h>
#include <qimageiohandler.h>
#include <qset.h>
#include <qvariant.h>
#include <qloggingcategory.h>
// factory loader
#include <qcoreapplication.h>
#include <private/qfactoryloader_p.h>
// image handlers
#include <private/qbmphandler_p.h>
#include <private/qppmhandler_p.h>
#include <private/qxbmhandler_p.h>
#include <private/qxpmhandler_p.h>
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMAT_PNG
#include <private/qpnghandler_p.h>
#endif
#include <private/qimagereaderwriterhelpers_p.h>
#include <algorithm>
QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
Q_STATIC_LOGGING_CATEGORY(lcImageWriter, "qt.gui.imageio.writer")
using namespace Qt::StringLiterals;
static QImageIOHandler *createWriteHandlerHelper(QIODevice *device,
const QByteArray &format)
{
QByteArray form = format.toLower();
QByteArray suffix;
QImageIOHandler *handler = nullptr;
qCDebug(lcImageWriter) << "Finding write handler for" << device << "and format" << format;
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMATPLUGIN
typedef QMultiMap<int, QString> PluginKeyMap;
// check if any plugins can write the image
auto l = QImageReaderWriterHelpers::pluginLoader();
const PluginKeyMap keyMap = l->keyMap();
int suffixPluginIndex = -1;
qCDebug(lcImageWriter) << keyMap.uniqueKeys().size() << "plugins available:" << keyMap.values();
#endif
if (device && format.isEmpty()) {
// if there's no format, see if \a device is a file, and if so, find
// the file suffix and find support for that format among our plugins.
// this allows plugins to override our built-in handlers.
if (QFileDevice *file = qobject_cast<QFileDevice *>(device)) {
if (!(suffix = QFileInfo(file->fileName()).suffix().toLower().toLatin1()).isEmpty()) {
qCDebug(lcImageWriter) << "Resolved format" << suffix << "from file name suffix";
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMATPLUGIN
const int index = keyMap.key(QString::fromLatin1(suffix), -1);
if (index != -1)
suffixPluginIndex = index;
#endif
}
}
}
QByteArray testFormat = !form.isEmpty() ? form : suffix;
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMATPLUGIN
if (suffixPluginIndex != -1) {
// when format is missing, check if we can find a plugin for the
// suffix.
qCDebug(lcImageWriter) << "Checking if any plugins have explicitly declared support"
<< "for the format" << testFormat;
const int index = keyMap.key(QString::fromLatin1(suffix), -1);
if (index != -1) {
QImageIOPlugin *plugin = qobject_cast<QImageIOPlugin *>(l->instance(index));
if (plugin && (plugin->capabilities(device, suffix) & QImageIOPlugin::CanWrite)) {
handler = plugin->create(device, suffix);
qCDebug(lcImageWriter) << plugin << "can write the format" << testFormat;
}
}
}
#endif // QT_NO_IMAGEFORMATPLUGIN
// check if any built-in handlers can write the image
if (!handler && !testFormat.isEmpty()) {
qCDebug(lcImageWriter) << "Checking if any built in handlers recognize the format"
<< testFormat;
if (false) {
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMAT_PNG
} else if (testFormat == "png") {
handler = new QPngHandler;
#endif
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMAT_BMP
} else if (testFormat == "bmp") {
handler = new QBmpHandler;
} else if (testFormat == "dib") {
handler = new QBmpHandler(QBmpHandler::DibFormat);
#endif
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMAT_XPM
} else if (testFormat == "xpm") {
handler = new QXpmHandler;
#endif
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMAT_XBM
} else if (testFormat == "xbm") {
handler = new QXbmHandler;
handler->setOption(QImageIOHandler::SubType, testFormat);
#endif
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMAT_PPM
} else if (testFormat == "pbm" || testFormat == "pbmraw" || testFormat == "pgm"
|| testFormat == "pgmraw" || testFormat == "ppm" || testFormat == "ppmraw") {
handler = new QPpmHandler;
handler->setOption(QImageIOHandler::SubType, testFormat);
#endif
}
if (handler)
qCDebug(lcImageWriter) << "Using the built-in handler for format" << testFormat;
}
#ifndef QT_NO_IMAGEFORMATPLUGIN
if (!handler && !testFormat.isEmpty()) {
qCDebug(lcImageWriter) << "Checking if any plugins recognize the format" << testFormat;
const int keyCount = keyMap.size();
for (int i = 0; i < keyCount; ++i) {
QImageIOPlugin *plugin = qobject_cast<QImageIOPlugin *>(l->instance(i));
if (plugin && (plugin->capabilities(device, testFormat) & QImageIOPlugin::CanWrite)) {
handler = plugin->create(device, testFormat);
qCDebug(lcImageWriter) << plugin << "can write the format" << testFormat;
break;
}
}
}
#endif // QT_NO_IMAGEFORMATPLUGIN
if (!handler) {
qCDebug(lcImageWriter, "No handlers found. Giving up.");
return nullptr;
}
handler->setDevice(device);
if (!testFormat.isEmpty())
handler->setFormat(testFormat);
return handler;
}
class QImageWriterPrivate
{
public:
QImageWriterPrivate(QImageWriter *qq);
bool canWriteHelper();
// device
QByteArray format;
QIODevice *device;
bool deleteDevice;
QImageIOHandler *handler;
// image options
int quality;
int compression;
float gamma;
QString description;
QString text;
QByteArray subType;
bool optimizedWrite;
bool progressiveScanWrite;
QImageIOHandler::Transformations transformation;
// error
QImageWriter::ImageWriterError imageWriterError;
QString errorString;
QImageWriter *q;
};
/*!
\internal
*/
QImageWriterPrivate::QImageWriterPrivate(QImageWriter *qq)
{
device = nullptr;
deleteDevice = false;
handler = nullptr;
quality = -1;
compression = -1;
gamma = 0.0;
optimizedWrite = false;
progressiveScanWrite = false;
imageWriterError = QImageWriter::UnknownError;
errorString = QImageWriter::tr("Unknown error");
transformation = QImageIOHandler::TransformationNone;
q = qq;
}
bool QImageWriterPrivate::canWriteHelper()
{
if (!device) {
imageWriterError = QImageWriter::DeviceError;
errorString = QImageWriter::tr("Device is not set");
return false;
}
if (!device->isOpen()) {
if (!device->open(QIODevice::WriteOnly)) {
imageWriterError = QImageWriter::DeviceError;
errorString = QImageWriter::tr("Cannot open device for writing: %1").arg(device->errorString());
return false;
}
}
if (!device->isWritable()) {
imageWriterError = QImageWriter::DeviceError;
errorString = QImageWriter::tr("Device not writable");
return false;
}
if (!handler && (handler = createWriteHandlerHelper(device, format)) == nullptr) {
imageWriterError = QImageWriter::UnsupportedFormatError;
errorString = QImageWriter::tr("Unsupported image format");
return false;
}
return true;
}
/*!
Constructs an empty QImageWriter object. Before writing, you must
call setFormat() to set an image format, then setDevice() or
setFileName().
*/
QImageWriter::QImageWriter()
: d(new QImageWriterPrivate(this))
{
}
/*!
Constructs a QImageWriter object using the device \a device and
image format \a format.
*/
QImageWriter::QImageWriter(QIODevice *device, const QByteArray &format)
: d(new QImageWriterPrivate(this))
{
d->device = device;
d->format = format;
}
/*!
Constructs a QImageWriter objects that will write to a file with
the name \a fileName, using the image format \a format. If \a
format is not provided, QImageWriter will detect the image format
by inspecting the extension of \a fileName.
*/
QImageWriter::QImageWriter(const QString &fileName, const QByteArray &format)
: QImageWriter(new QFile(fileName), format)
{
d->deleteDevice = true;
}
/*!
Destructs the QImageWriter object.
*/
QImageWriter::~QImageWriter()
{
delete d->handler;
if (d->deleteDevice)
delete d->device;
delete d;
}
/*!
Sets the format QImageWriter will use when writing images, to \a
format. \a format is a case insensitive text string. Example:
\snippet code/src_gui_image_qimagewriter.cpp 0
You can call supportedImageFormats() for the full list of formats
QImageWriter supports.
\sa format()
*/
void QImageWriter::setFormat(const QByteArray &format)
{
d->format = format;
}
/*!
Returns the format QImageWriter uses for writing images.
\sa setFormat()
*/
QByteArray QImageWriter::format() const
{
return d->format;
}
/*!
Sets QImageWriter's device to \a device. If a device has already
been set, the old device is removed from QImageWriter and is
otherwise left unchanged.
If the device is not already open, QImageWriter will attempt to
open the device in \l QIODeviceBase::WriteOnly mode by calling
open(). Note that this does not work for certain devices, such as
QProcess, QTcpSocket and QUdpSocket, where more logic is required
to open the device.
\sa device(), setFileName()
*/
void QImageWriter::setDevice(QIODevice *device)
{
delete d->handler;
d->handler = nullptr;
if (d->device && d->deleteDevice)
delete d->device;
d->device = device;
d->deleteDevice = false;
}
/*!
Returns the device currently assigned to QImageWriter, or \nullptr
if no device has been assigned.
*/
QIODevice *QImageWriter::device() const
{
return d->device;
}
/*!
Sets the file name of QImageWriter to \a fileName. Internally,
QImageWriter will create a QFile and open it in \l
QIODevice::WriteOnly mode, and use this file when writing images.
\sa fileName(), setDevice()
*/
void QImageWriter::setFileName(const QString &fileName)
{
setDevice(new QFile(fileName));
d->deleteDevice = true;
}
/*!
If the currently assigned device is a file, or if setFileName()
has been called, this function returns the name of the file
QImageWriter writes to. Otherwise (i.e., if no device has been
assigned or the device is not a file), an empty QString is
returned.
\sa setFileName(), setDevice()
*/
QString QImageWriter::fileName() const
{
QFileDevice *file = qobject_cast<QFileDevice *>(d->device);
return file ? file->fileName() : QString();
}
/*!
Sets the quality setting of the image format to \a quality.
Some image formats, in particular lossy ones, entail a tradeoff between a)
visual quality of the resulting image, and b) encoding execution time and
compression level. This function sets the level of that tradeoff for image
formats that support it. For other formats, this value is ignored.
The value range of \a quality depends on the image format. For example,
the "jpeg" format supports a quality range from 0 (low visual quality, high
compression) to 100 (high visual quality, low compression).
\sa quality()
*/
void QImageWriter::setQuality(int quality)
{
d->quality = quality;
}
/*!
Returns the quality setting of the image format.
\sa setQuality()
*/
int QImageWriter::quality() const
{
return d->quality;
}
/*!
This is an image format specific function that set the compression
of an image. For image formats that do not support setting the
compression, this value is ignored.
The value range of \a compression depends on the image format:
\table
\header
\li Image Format
\li Supported Values
\row
\li PNG
\li Values in the range from 0 (no compression) to 100 (low visual
quality, maximum compression). This value is the inverse to
\e quality in setQuality. The two options are mutually exclusive.
\row
\li TGA
\li
0 - No compression \br
1 - RLE compression
\row
\li TIFF
\li
0 - No compression \br
1 - LZW compression \br
2 - RLE compression \br
3 - CCITT Group 3 fax encoding \br
4 - CCITT Group 4 fax encoding \br
5 - JPEG compression
\endtable
\sa compression(), setQuality()
*/
void QImageWriter::setCompression(int compression)
{
d->compression = compression;
}
/*!
Returns the compression of the image.
\sa setCompression()
*/
int QImageWriter::compression() const
{
return d->compression;
}
/*!
\since 5.4
This is an image format specific function that sets the
subtype of the image to \a type. Subtype can be used by
a handler to determine which format it should use while
saving the image.
For example, saving an image in DDS format with A8R8G8R8 subtype:
\snippet code/src_gui_image_qimagewriter.cpp 3
*/
void QImageWriter::setSubType(const QByteArray &type)
{
d->subType = type;
}
/*!
\since 5.4
Returns the subtype of the image.
\sa setSubType()
*/
QByteArray QImageWriter::subType() const
{
return d->subType;
}
/*!
\since 5.4
Returns the list of subtypes supported by an image.
*/
QList<QByteArray> QImageWriter::supportedSubTypes() const
{
if (!supportsOption(QImageIOHandler::SupportedSubTypes))
return QList<QByteArray>();
return qvariant_cast<QList<QByteArray> >(d->handler->option(QImageIOHandler::SupportedSubTypes));
}
/*!
\since 5.5
This is an image format-specific function which sets the \a optimize flags when
writing images. For image formats that do not support setting an \a optimize flag,
this value is ignored.
The default is false.
\sa optimizedWrite()
*/
void QImageWriter::setOptimizedWrite(bool optimize)
{
d->optimizedWrite = optimize;
}
/*!
\since 5.5
Returns whether optimization has been turned on for writing the image.
\sa setOptimizedWrite()
*/
bool QImageWriter::optimizedWrite() const
{
return d->optimizedWrite;
}
/*!
\since 5.5
This is an image format-specific function which turns on \a progressive scanning
when writing images. For image formats that do not support setting a \a progressive
scan flag, this value is ignored.
The default is false.
\sa progressiveScanWrite()
*/
void QImageWriter::setProgressiveScanWrite(bool progressive)
{
d->progressiveScanWrite = progressive;
}
/*!
\since 5.5
Returns whether the image should be written as a progressive image.
\sa setProgressiveScanWrite()
*/
bool QImageWriter::progressiveScanWrite() const
{
return d->progressiveScanWrite;
}
/*!
\since 5.5
Sets the image transformations metadata including orientation to \a transform.
If transformation metadata is not supported by the image format,
the transform is applied before writing.
\sa transformation(), write()
*/
void QImageWriter::setTransformation(QImageIOHandler::Transformations transform)
{
d->transformation = transform;
}
/*!
\since 5.5
Returns the transformation and orientation the image has been set to written with.
\sa setTransformation()
*/
QImageIOHandler::Transformations QImageWriter::transformation() const
{
return d->transformation;
}
/*!
Sets the image text associated with the key \a key to
\a text. This is useful for storing copyright information
or other information about the image. Example:
\snippet code/src_gui_image_qimagewriter.cpp 1
If you want to store a single block of data
(e.g., a comment), you can pass an empty key, or use
a generic key like "Description".
The key and text will be embedded into the
image data after calling write().
Support for this option is implemented through
QImageIOHandler::Description.
\sa QImage::setText(), QImageReader::text()
*/
void QImageWriter::setText(const QString &key, const QString &text)
{
if (!d->description.isEmpty())
d->description += "\n\n"_L1;
d->description += key.simplified() + ": "_L1 + text.simplified();
}
/*!
Returns \c true if QImageWriter can write the image; i.e., the image
format is supported and the assigned device is open for reading.
\sa write(), setDevice(), setFormat()
*/
bool QImageWriter::canWrite() const
{
if (QFile *file = qobject_cast<QFile *>(d->device)) {
const bool remove = !file->isOpen() && !file->exists();
const bool result = d->canWriteHelper();
// This looks strange (why remove if it doesn't exist?) but the issue
// here is that canWriteHelper will create the file in the process of
// checking if the write can succeed. If it subsequently fails, we
// should remove that empty file.
if (!result && remove)
file->remove();
return result;
}
return d->canWriteHelper();
}
extern void qt_imageTransform(QImage &src, QImageIOHandler::Transformations orient);
/*!
Writes the image \a image to the assigned device or file
name. Returns \c true on success; otherwise returns \c false. If the
operation fails, you can call error() to find the type of error
that occurred, or errorString() to get a human readable
description of the error.
\sa canWrite(), error(), errorString()
*/
bool QImageWriter::write(const QImage &image)
{
// Do this before canWrite, so it doesn't create a file if this fails.
if (Q_UNLIKELY(image.isNull())) {
d->imageWriterError = QImageWriter::InvalidImageError;
d->errorString = QImageWriter::tr("Image is empty");
return false;
}
if (!canWrite())
return false;
QImage img = image;
if (d->handler->supportsOption(QImageIOHandler::Quality))
d->handler->setOption(QImageIOHandler::Quality, d->quality);
if (d->handler->supportsOption(QImageIOHandler::CompressionRatio))
d->handler->setOption(QImageIOHandler::CompressionRatio, d->compression);
if (d->handler->supportsOption(QImageIOHandler::Gamma))
d->handler->setOption(QImageIOHandler::Gamma, d->gamma);
if (!d->description.isEmpty() && d->handler->supportsOption(QImageIOHandler::Description))
d->handler->setOption(QImageIOHandler::Description, d->description);
if (!d->subType.isEmpty() && d->handler->supportsOption(QImageIOHandler::SubType))
d->handler->setOption(QImageIOHandler::SubType, d->subType);
if (d->handler->supportsOption(QImageIOHandler::OptimizedWrite))
d->handler->setOption(QImageIOHandler::OptimizedWrite, d->optimizedWrite);
if (d->handler->supportsOption(QImageIOHandler::ProgressiveScanWrite))
d->handler->setOption(QImageIOHandler::ProgressiveScanWrite, d->progressiveScanWrite);
if (d->handler->supportsOption(QImageIOHandler::ImageTransformation))
d->handler->setOption(QImageIOHandler::ImageTransformation, int(d->transformation));
else
qt_imageTransform(img, d->transformation);
if (!d->handler->write(img))
return false;
if (QFileDevice *file = qobject_cast<QFileDevice *>(d->device))
file->flush();
return true;
}
/*!
Returns the type of error that last occurred.
\sa ImageWriterError, errorString()
*/
QImageWriter::ImageWriterError QImageWriter::error() const
{
return d->imageWriterError;
}
/*!
Returns a human readable description of the last error that occurred.
\sa error()
*/
QString QImageWriter::errorString() const
{
return d->errorString;
}
/*!
Returns \c true if the writer supports \a option; otherwise returns
false.
Different image formats support different options. Call this function to
determine whether a certain option is supported by the current format. For
example, the PNG format allows you to embed text into the image's metadata
(see text()).
\snippet code/src_gui_image_qimagewriter.cpp 2
Options can be tested after the writer has been associated with a format.
\sa QImageReader::supportsOption(), setFormat()
*/
bool QImageWriter::supportsOption(QImageIOHandler::ImageOption option) const
{
if (!d->handler && (d->handler = createWriteHandlerHelper(d->device, d->format)) == nullptr) {
d->imageWriterError = QImageWriter::UnsupportedFormatError;
d->errorString = QImageWriter::tr("Unsupported image format");
return false;
}
return d->handler->supportsOption(option);
}
/*!
Returns the list of image formats supported by QImageWriter.
By default, Qt can write the following formats:
\table
\header \li Format \li MIME type \li Description
\row \li BMP \li image/bmp \li Windows Bitmap
\row \li JPG \li image/jpeg \li Joint Photographic Experts Group
\row \li PNG \li image/png \li Portable Network Graphics
\row \li PBM \li image/x-portable-bitmap \li Portable Bitmap
\row \li PGM \li image/x-portable-graymap \li Portable Graymap
\row \li PPM \li image/x-portable-pixmap \li Portable Pixmap
\row \li XBM \li image/x-xbitmap \li X11 Bitmap
\row \li XPM \li image/x-xpixmap \li X11 Pixmap
\endtable
Reading and writing SVG files is supported through the \l{Qt SVG} module.
The \l{Qt Image Formats} module provides support for additional image formats.
Note that the QApplication instance must be created before this function is
called.
\sa setFormat(), QImageReader::supportedImageFormats(), QImageIOPlugin
*/
QList<QByteArray> QImageWriter::supportedImageFormats()
{
return QImageReaderWriterHelpers::supportedImageFormats(QImageReaderWriterHelpers::CanWrite);
}
/*!
Returns the list of MIME types supported by QImageWriter.
Note that the QApplication instance must be created before this function is
called.
\sa supportedImageFormats(), QImageReader::supportedMimeTypes()
*/
QList<QByteArray> QImageWriter::supportedMimeTypes()
{
return QImageReaderWriterHelpers::supportedMimeTypes(QImageReaderWriterHelpers::CanWrite);
}
/*!
\since 5.12
Returns the list of image formats corresponding to \a mimeType.
Note that the QGuiApplication instance must be created before this function is
called.
\sa supportedImageFormats(), supportedMimeTypes()
*/
QList<QByteArray> QImageWriter::imageFormatsForMimeType(const QByteArray &mimeType)
{
return QImageReaderWriterHelpers::imageFormatsForMimeType(mimeType,
QImageReaderWriterHelpers::CanWrite);
}
QT_END_NAMESPACE