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// Copyright (C) 2016 BlackBerry Limited. All rights reserved.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR LGPL-3.0-only OR GPL-2.0-only OR GPL-3.0-only
#include "qlowenergycharacteristic.h"
#include "qlowenergyserviceprivate_p.h"
#include <QHash>
QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
QT_IMPL_METATYPE_EXTERN(QLowEnergyCharacteristic)
/*!
\class QLowEnergyCharacteristic
\inmodule QtBluetooth
\brief The QLowEnergyCharacteristic class stores information about a Bluetooth
Low Energy service characteristic.
\since 5.4
QLowEnergyCharacteristic provides information about a Bluetooth Low Energy
service characteristic's name(), uuid(), value(), properties(), and
descriptors(). To obtain the characteristic's specification
and information, it is necessary to connect to the device using the
QLowEnergyService and QLowEnergyController classes.
The characteristic value may be written via the \l QLowEnergyService instance
that manages the service to which this characteristic belongs. The
\l {QLowEnergyService::writeCharacteristic()} function writes the new value.
The \l {QLowEnergyService::characteristicWritten()} signal is emitted upon success.
The value() of this object is automatically updated accordingly.
Characteristics may contain none, one or more descriptors. They can be individually
retrieved using the \l descriptor() function. The \l descriptors() function returns
all descriptors as a list. The general purpose of a descriptor is to add contextual
information to the characteristic. For example, the descriptor might provide
format or range information specifying how the characteristic's value is to be\
interpreted.
\sa QLowEnergyService, QLowEnergyDescriptor
*/
/*!
\enum QLowEnergyCharacteristic::PropertyType
This enum describes the properties of a characteristic.
\value Unknown The type is not known.
\value Broadcasting Allow for the broadcasting of Generic Attributes (GATT) characteristic values.
\value Read Allow the characteristic values to be read.
\value WriteNoResponse Allow characteristic values without responses to be written.
\value Write Allow for characteristic values to be written.
\value Notify Permits notification of characteristic values.
\value Indicate Permits indications of characteristic values.
\value WriteSigned Permits signed writes of the GATT characteristic values.
\value ExtendedProperty Additional characteristic properties are defined in the characteristic's
extended properties descriptor.
It is not recommended to set both Notify and Indicate properties on the same characteristic
as the underlying Bluetooth stack behaviors differ from platform to platform. Please see
\l QLowEnergyCharacteristic::clientCharacteristicConfiguration
\sa properties()
*/
struct QLowEnergyCharacteristicPrivate
{
QLowEnergyHandle handle;
};
/*!
Construct a new QLowEnergyCharacteristic. A default-constructed instance of
this class is always invalid.
\sa isValid()
*/
QLowEnergyCharacteristic::QLowEnergyCharacteristic():
d_ptr(nullptr)
{
}
/*!
Construct a new QLowEnergyCharacteristic that is a copy of \a other.
The two copies continue to share the same underlying data which does not detach
upon write.
*/
QLowEnergyCharacteristic::QLowEnergyCharacteristic(const QLowEnergyCharacteristic &other):
d_ptr(other.d_ptr)
{
if (other.data) {
data = new QLowEnergyCharacteristicPrivate();
data->handle = other.data->handle;
}
}
/*!
\internal
*/
QLowEnergyCharacteristic::QLowEnergyCharacteristic(
QSharedPointer<QLowEnergyServicePrivate> p, QLowEnergyHandle handle):
d_ptr(p)
{
data = new QLowEnergyCharacteristicPrivate();
data->handle = handle;
}
/*!
Destroys the QLowEnergyCharacteristic object.
*/
QLowEnergyCharacteristic::~QLowEnergyCharacteristic()
{
delete data;
}
/*!
Returns the human-readable name of the characteristic.
The name is based on the characteristic's \l uuid() which must have been
standardized. The complete list of characteristic types can be found
under \l {https://developer.bluetooth.org/gatt/characteristics/Pages/CharacteristicsHome.aspx}{Bluetooth.org Characteristics}.
The returned string is empty if the \l uuid() is unknown.
\sa QBluetoothUuid::characteristicToString()
*/
QString QLowEnergyCharacteristic::name() const
{
return QBluetoothUuid::characteristicToString(
static_cast<QBluetoothUuid::CharacteristicType>(uuid().toUInt16()));
}
/*!
Returns the UUID of the characteristic if \l isValid() returns \c true; otherwise a
\l {QUuid::isNull()}{null} UUID.
*/
QBluetoothUuid QLowEnergyCharacteristic::uuid() const
{
if (d_ptr.isNull() || !data
|| !d_ptr->characteristicList.contains(data->handle))
return QBluetoothUuid();
return d_ptr->characteristicList[data->handle].uuid;
}
/*!
Returns the properties of the characteristic.
The properties define the access permissions for the characteristic.
*/
QLowEnergyCharacteristic::PropertyTypes QLowEnergyCharacteristic::properties() const
{
if (d_ptr.isNull() || !data
|| !d_ptr->characteristicList.contains(data->handle))
return QLowEnergyCharacteristic::Unknown;
return d_ptr->characteristicList[data->handle].properties;
}
/*!
Returns the cached value of the characteristic.
If the characteristic's \l properties() permit writing of new values,
the value can be updated using \l QLowEnergyService::writeCharacteristic().
The cache is updated during the associated service's
\l {QLowEnergyService::discoverDetails()} {detail discovery}, a successful
\l {QLowEnergyService::readCharacteristic()}{read}/\l {QLowEnergyService::writeCharacteristic()}{write}
operation or when an update notification is received.
The returned \l QByteArray always remains empty if the characteristic does not
have the \l {QLowEnergyCharacteristic::Read}{read permission}. In such cases only
the \l QLowEnergyService::characteristicChanged() or
\l QLowEnergyService::characteristicWritten() may provice information about the
value of this characteristic.
*/
QByteArray QLowEnergyCharacteristic::value() const
{
if (d_ptr.isNull() || !data
|| !d_ptr->characteristicList.contains(data->handle))
return QByteArray();
return d_ptr->characteristicList[data->handle].value;
}
/*!
\internal
Returns the handle of the characteristic's value attribute;
or \c 0 if the handle cannot be accessed on the platform or
if the characteristic is invalid.
\note On \macos and iOS handles can differ from 0, but these
values have no special meaning outside of internal/private API.
*/
QLowEnergyHandle QLowEnergyCharacteristic::handle() const
{
if (d_ptr.isNull() || !data
|| !d_ptr->characteristicList.contains(data->handle))
return 0;
return d_ptr->characteristicList[data->handle].valueHandle;
}
/*!
Makes a copy of \a other and assigns it to this \l QLowEnergyCharacteristic object.
The two copies continue to share the same service and controller details.
*/
QLowEnergyCharacteristic &QLowEnergyCharacteristic::operator=(const QLowEnergyCharacteristic &other)
{
d_ptr = other.d_ptr;
if (!other.data) {
if (data) {
delete data;
data = nullptr;
}
} else {
if (!data)
data = new QLowEnergyCharacteristicPrivate();
data->handle = other.data->handle;
}
return *this;
}
/*!
\fn bool QLowEnergyCharacteristic::operator==(const QLowEnergyCharacteristic &a,
const QLowEnergyCharacteristic &b)
\brief Returns \c true if \a a is equal to \a b, otherwise \c false.
Two \l QLowEnergyCharacteristic instances are considered to be equal if they refer to
the same characteristic on the same remote Bluetooth Low Energy device or both instances
have been default-constructed.
*/
/*!
\fn bool QLowEnergyCharacteristic::operator!=(const QLowEnergyCharacteristic &a,
const QLowEnergyCharacteristic &b)
\brief Returns \c true if \a a and \a b are not equal; otherwise \c
false.
Two QLowEnergyCharcteristic instances are considered to be equal if they refer to
the same characteristic on the same remote Bluetooth Low Energy device or both instances
have been default-constructed.
*/
/*!
\brief Returns \c true if \a a is equal to \a b; otherwise \c false.
\internal
Two \l QLowEnergyCharacteristic instances are considered to be equal if they refer to
the same characteristic on the same remote Bluetooth Low Energy device or both instances
have been default-constructed.
*/
bool QLowEnergyCharacteristic::equals(const QLowEnergyCharacteristic &a,
const QLowEnergyCharacteristic &b)
{
if (a.d_ptr != b.d_ptr)
return false;
if ((a.data && !b.data) || (!a.data && b.data))
return false;
if (!a.data)
return true;
if (a.data->handle != b.data->handle)
return false;
return true;
}
/*!
Returns \c true if the QLowEnergyCharacteristic object is valid, otherwise returns \c false.
An invalid characteristic object is not associated with any service (default-constructed)
or the associated service is no longer valid due to a disconnect from
the underlying Bluetooth Low Energy device, for example. Once the object is invalid
it cannot become valid anymore.
\note If a \l QLowEnergyCharacteristic instance turns invalid due to a disconnect
from the underlying device, the information encapsulated by the current
instance remains as it was at the time of the disconnect. Therefore it can be
retrieved after the disconnect event.
*/
bool QLowEnergyCharacteristic::isValid() const
{
if (d_ptr.isNull() || !data)
return false;
if (d_ptr->state == QLowEnergyService::InvalidService)
return false;
return true;
}
/*!
\internal
Returns the handle of the characteristic or
\c 0 if the handle cannot be accessed on the platform or if the
characteristic is invalid.
\note On \macos and iOS handles can differ from 0, but these
values have no special meaning outside of internal/private API.
\sa isValid()
*/
QLowEnergyHandle QLowEnergyCharacteristic::attributeHandle() const
{
if (d_ptr.isNull() || !data)
return 0;
return data->handle;
}
/*!
Returns the descriptor for \a uuid or an invalid \l QLowEnergyDescriptor instance.
\sa descriptors()
*/
QLowEnergyDescriptor QLowEnergyCharacteristic::descriptor(const QBluetoothUuid &uuid) const
{
if (d_ptr.isNull() || !data)
return QLowEnergyDescriptor();
CharacteristicDataMap::const_iterator charIt = d_ptr->characteristicList.constFind(data->handle);
if (charIt != d_ptr->characteristicList.constEnd()) {
const QLowEnergyServicePrivate::CharData &charDetails = charIt.value();
DescriptorDataMap::const_iterator descIt = charDetails.descriptorList.constBegin();
for ( ; descIt != charDetails.descriptorList.constEnd(); ++descIt) {
const QLowEnergyHandle descHandle = descIt.key();
const QLowEnergyServicePrivate::DescData &descDetails = descIt.value();
if (descDetails.uuid == uuid)
return QLowEnergyDescriptor(d_ptr, data->handle, descHandle);
}
}
return QLowEnergyDescriptor();
}
/*!
Returns the Client Characteristic Configuration Descriptor or an
invalid \l QLowEnergyDescriptor instance if no
Client Characteristic Configuration Descriptor exists.
BTLE characteristics can support notifications and/or indications.
In both cases, the peripheral will inform the central on
each change of the characteristic's value. In the BTLE
attribute protocol, notification messages are not confirmed
by the central, while indications are confirmed.
Notifications are considered faster, but unreliable, while
indications are slower and more reliable.
If a characteristic supports notification or indication,
these can be enabled by writing special bit patterns to the
Client Characteristic Configuration Descriptor.
For convenience, these bit patterns are provided as
\l QLowEnergyCharacteristic::CCCDDisable,
\l QLowEnergyCharacteristic::CCCDEnableNotification, and
\l QLowEnergyCharacteristic::CCCDEnableIndication.
Enabling e.g. notification for a characteristic named
\c mycharacteristic in a service called \c myservice
could be done using the following code.
\code
auto cccd = mycharacteristic.clientCharacteristicConfiguration();
if (!cccd.isValid()) {
// your error handling
return error;
}
myservice->writeDescriptor(cccd, QLowEnergyCharacteristic::CCCDEnableNotification);
\endcode
\note
Calling \c characteristic.clientCharacteristicConfiguration() is equivalent to calling
\c characteristic.descriptor(QBluetoothUuid::DescriptorType::ClientCharacteristicConfiguration).
\note
It is not recommended to use both notifications and indications on the same characteristic.
This applies to both server-side when setting up the characteristics, as well as client-side
when enabling them. The bluetooth stack behavior differs from platform to platform and the
cross-platform behavior will likely be inconsistent. As an example a Bluez Linux client might
unconditionally try to enable both mechanisms if both are supported, whereas a macOS client
might unconditionally enable just the notifications. If both are needed consider creating two
separate characteristics.
\since 6.2
\sa descriptor()
*/
QLowEnergyDescriptor QLowEnergyCharacteristic::clientCharacteristicConfiguration() const
{
return descriptor(QBluetoothUuid::DescriptorType::ClientCharacteristicConfiguration);
}
/*!
Returns the list of descriptors belonging to this characteristic; otherwise
an empty list.
\sa descriptor()
*/
QList<QLowEnergyDescriptor> QLowEnergyCharacteristic::descriptors() const
{
QList<QLowEnergyDescriptor> result;
if (d_ptr.isNull() || !data
|| !d_ptr->characteristicList.contains(data->handle))
return result;
QList<QLowEnergyHandle> descriptorKeys = d_ptr->characteristicList[data->handle].
descriptorList.keys();
std::sort(descriptorKeys.begin(), descriptorKeys.end());
for (const QLowEnergyHandle descHandle : std::as_const(descriptorKeys)) {
QLowEnergyDescriptor descriptor(d_ptr, data->handle, descHandle);
result.append(descriptor);
}
return result;
}
/*!
\variable QLowEnergyCharacteristic::CCCDDisable
\since 6.2
Bit pattern to write into Client Characteristic Configuration Descriptor
to disable both notification and indication.
\sa QLowEnergyCharacteristic::clientCharacteristicConfiguration
*/
/*!
\variable QLowEnergyCharacteristic::CCCDEnableNotification
\since 6.2
Bit pattern to write into Client Characteristic Configuration Descriptor
to enable notification.
\sa QLowEnergyCharacteristic::clientCharacteristicConfiguration
*/
/*!
\variable QLowEnergyCharacteristic::CCCDEnableIndication
\since 6.2
Bit pattern to write into Client Characteristic Configuration Descriptor
to enable indication.
\sa QLowEnergyCharacteristic::clientCharacteristicConfiguration
*/
const QByteArray QLowEnergyCharacteristic::CCCDDisable = QByteArray::fromHex("0000");
const QByteArray QLowEnergyCharacteristic::CCCDEnableNotification = QByteArray::fromHex("0100");
const QByteArray QLowEnergyCharacteristic::CCCDEnableIndication = QByteArray::fromHex("0200");
QT_END_NAMESPACE